Hiv / Aids The Rapid Spread Of Infectious Disease Essay

An epidemic can be defined as â€Å"The rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time†. When the culmination of an epidemic spreads across countries (then being identified as a pandemic) the affliction of the disease affects people of all varieties, being excluded from no cultural or social background. From The Black Death of 1347 to the Spanish Flu during World War I, pandemics have deeply affected populations throughout the world, sparking extreme social, economic, and medical advancements that have helped to shape communities of all diversities. One particularly influential pandemic that spread through Californian communities was the HIV/AIDS outbreak, an extremely erratic and largely unknown disease even of it’s modern time. The large scale spread of HIV/AIDS in California beginning roughly between late 1970’s/early 1980’s caused panic among medical professionals and affected communit ies throughout the entire state as well as The United States as a whole, ultimately becoming recognized as one of the largest modern pandemics worldwide. HIV is an incurable disease that affects the immune system by attacking T cells (help to fight infections) which unlike normal cells throughout the body cannot be rejuvenated. HIV is contracted through exposure to blood or bodily fluids containing the virus, weakening the immune system to levels in which the body becomes prone to infection and illness. Due to lack ofShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Of Infectious Diseases Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesFor thousands of years, infectious diseases have had a strong influence over human populations by challenging the immune system to continuously adapt to new virulent strains. With the advantage of reproducing more rapidly than the human immune response, microorganisms that cause even minor infections can prove to be fatal (Parham, 2015). Over time, outbreaks such as ‘The Great Plague’ have threatened to bring an end to society. Without the ability to contain these diseases geographically and provideRead MoreThe Public Health T riad Essay1017 Words   |  5 PagesThe role of public health in our society cannot be underestimated. The main goal of public health is to prevent and control diseases with the aim of promoting health. Humans contribute to this health promotion. However, human actions are also responsible to some detrimental health effects. Human behavior through habitat modification has led to the emergence of infectious diseases â€Å"Modification of natural habitats by humans is a leading cause of emerging zoonoses† (Battle, 2009, P 32). Humans contributeRead MoreThe Fight Against Non Communicable Diseases1221 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s society diseases are the main generalization that causes death and to be spread from state to state. Transnational diseases are life threatening and can cause a person to become ill for a very long time. Although, there are several types of diseases that complex the world, none stick out more than HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, Ebola, and animal dis eases. All of these take a major toll on the world with them passed from one person to another. With people visiting different countries day in andRead MoreHIV/AIDS in Botswana.1525 Words   |  7 Pageswith AIDS in 2003 (AIDS and HIV Statistics for Africa). In Botswana alone, the AIDS prevalence rate is an immense 36.5% (HIV and AIDS in Botswana). In Botswana, AIDS has been an ongoing epidemic since the first case reported in 1985 (HIV and AIDS in Botswana). AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which weakens a person s immune system causing them to be more susceptible to infectious diseases such as meningitis, pneumonia, the flu, and many other diseases. Though AIDS does notRead MoreUnderstanding The Evolution, Life History, And Aids, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome868 Words   |  4 PagesEbola and HIV Ebola, and AIDS, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, are both dangerous zoonotic diseases that originated in Sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS, the result of HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, has been an ongoing pandemic for decades. Meanwhile, the first Ebola case was recognized in the 1976 and has incurred severe sporadic outbreaks but has been controlled (Rajak, 2015). While both rapidly mutating RNA viruses, several key factors have allowed AIDS, to become a worldwide pandemic while EbolaRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Type 21523 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 HIV-II Discovered and Isolated In 1985, serological evidence was presented which suggested a virus closely related to simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-III) infected a man in Senegal West Africa (Barin, M’Boup, Denis 1985). At that time, Senegal, West Africa was a region where AIDS and AIDS-related diseases had been observed (Barin, M’Boup, Denis 1985). The results of the serological evidence suggested that certain healthy Senegalese people were exposedRead MoreHow Can We Protect Ourselves Against Infectious Disease?1404 Words   |  6 PagesHow Can We Protect Ourselves Against Infectious Disease? An infectious disease is caused by a pathogenic microorganism such as virus, bacteria, protists and fungi. It can spread directly or indirectly from human to human or from human to animal, which is called zoonotic. For infectious diseases such as AIDS or Hepatitis B, it is transmitted via breast-feeding, contaminated injections/transfusion and unprotected sex. Diseases like bird flu such as Influenza and SARS, they are transmitted via dropletsRead MoreThe HIV/AIDS Epidemic in China Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesChina is going through a period of rapid social transformation where these practices are becoming visible and being acknowledged by the Chinese. Recently, Chinese officials have recognized and admitted that the country is experiencing a widespread outbreak of HIV/AIDS. Previously, China adopted the position that there was little to no HIV/AIDS in the country, but now officials are admitting that they do in fact have a large population of citizens with HIV/AIDS. It is said to be the leading causeRead MoreTuberculosis And Its Effects On Society1704 Words   |  7 PagesThey called it consumption. It was an accurate name – it consumed you, and you coughed up pieces of yourself as the disease ravaged your body. More often than not, you died a painful, terrifying death, but not until after you showered your loved ones with the extremely contagious bacteria. Today we call it Tuberculosis, and, growing up as a child of the 80’s, my only exposure to TB was in the educational game, The Oregon Trail. Indeed, in the United States, TB is not something frequently seenRead MoreIsaiah Bouromphongsa . 2Nd Hour. Mrs. Klaren. 4/12/17.1013 Words   |  5 PagesIsaiah Bouromphongsa 2nd Hour Mrs. Klaren 4/12/17 HIV vs. Ebola HIV and Ebola are often compared to each other, but they are very different viruses. HIV also known as human immunodeficiency virus is one of two retroviruses that infect and destroy helper T cells of the immune system, causing a reduction of T cells. Ebola is an infectious and fatal disease that starts with fever and internal bleeding, spread through contact with infected bodily fluids by a filovirus. In The Hot Zone, Richard Preston

Personality Case Studies - 1618 Words

Abraham Maslow Case Study 18 Maslov’s hierarchy of the five innate needs describe the factors that activate and direct human behavior. They are the physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs. According to Maslov, these needs are instinctoid, or hereditary, but can be affected or overcome by learning, social expectations, and fear of disapproval. Therefore, these needs are subject to variation from one person to another (Schultz Schultz, 2012). 1) Before Frank was laid off, all five of Maslov’s needs were met. His physiological needs were satisfied because, although he disliked the third shift, Frank and his wife were able to afford a small house, put food on the table, and provide their children†¦show more content†¦As the self emerges, infants develop a need for positive regard, or the universal need for love, acceptance, and approval from others. Positive regard has a reciprocal nature in that when people perceive themselves to be satisfying someone else’s need for positive regard, they in turn experience satisfaction of that need themselves. By interpreting the feedback we receive from them (either approval or disapproval), we refine our self-concept (Schultz Schultz, 2012). 1) Before her experience with her support group, Katharine’s self-concept differed greatly from her ideal self. Katharine’s ideal self describes â€Å"one of those women who had it all: a career and family life† (p. 69, para. 3). She dreamed of being happily married with children and own her own business. However, Katharine â€Å"felt like such a failure† because she was divorced and working as a secretary for someone else’s business to support herself (p. 69, para. 1). Because Katharine had quickly married her â€Å"high school sweet heart† to satisfy her ideal self, her marriage enforced negative conditions of self worth on Katharine by her husband who â€Å"disapproved of her taking business courses† and â€Å"discouraged any attempts she made at earning money on her own† (p. 69, para. 2). In addition to the friction of theirShow MoreRelatedThe Personality Disorder Case Study891 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality Disorder Cas e Study Male client in his late forties for initial counseling session. He claims that he is only seeking counseling to appease his ageing mother (Laureate Education, 2012). He states his mother is 86 years old and is pushing him to find a girlfriend (Laureate Education, 2012). He states that he is not willing to change his ways to accommodate a relationship (Laureate Education, 2012). Client insists that he does not want a relationship, that he has never wanted one (LaureateRead MoreIntroductory Personality Psychology Case Study781 Words   |  4 Pagesintroductory personality psychology courses at The Pennsylvania State University from the Altoona and University Park campuses will be recruited for participation. All students enrolled in the courses will be required to complete the procedure for this study to earn a grade in the course, however, they will be required to give their consent to use their data in the present study in exchange for extra credit in the course. Those who do not consent to use their data will be omitted from the study and willRead MoreCase Study Intitled A Diamond Personality856 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study ï ¿ ½ PAGE * MERGEFORMAT ï ¿ ½1ï ¿ ½ A Diamond Personality Dale A. Miller CJA/473 September 4, 2010 Gary Vernon Introduction A case study is a form of qualitative explanatory research that is used to look at individuals, a small group of participants, or a group as a whole. Research on case studies allows people to understand complex issues that can extend experience and add strength to previous research. Case studies articulate detailed analysis of a minimal number of events and their affairsRead MoreBorderline Personality Case Study: Maria1402 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Case study: Maria The patient Maria offers a case study in typical borderline personality symptoms. Maria has manifested a marked instability in the relationships in her personal life. Borderline patients often express over-idealization or demonization of the individuals in their lives. Their personalities are often histrionic, and they tend to see both people and events in black and white terms, either as bad or good. It is typical for a BPD (borderline personality disorder) patient to haveRead MoreCase Study: Schizotypal Personality Disorder852 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study #6 — Schizotypal Personality Disorder Background Information Tyler is a 15 year old male who is currently living at home with his mother and younger sister. His mother describes Tyler as â€Å"always being an odd child† who had significant difficulty relating to his peers. As a child he would spend a great deal of time alone involved in role playing. She said that social situations always provoke great anxiety in Tyler and he is extremely socially inept. Currently Tyler rarely socializes,Read MoreEssay on Foster Creek Post Office Case Study754 Words   |  4 PagesFoster Creek Post Office Case Study Background of Case This case is about an experienced city postal carrier who has recently filled a position at a small town post office and has difficulty adjusting to a different way of life. The central characters include: Larry (the postmaster of Foster Creek), Jim (a senior carrier) and George (a senior carrier). The Foster Creek Post Office exists in a small town and the typical way of life is carried through at the post office. Harry has arrived at FosterRead MoreAre there any advantages to thigpen and cleckley‚Äà ´s study over freuds is way of working with patients?1049 Words   |  5 PagesAre there any advantages to thigpen and cleckley’s study over freuds is way of working with patients? Freud’s study, Analysis of a phobia in a five-year old boy, is the account of the treatment of little Hans; a five year old boy who had been suffering form anxiety that led to a number of phobias. Freud uses this case study as strong support for his psychoanalytic ideas concerning; the unconscious determinism, psychosexual development, the Oedipus complex, the cause of phobias and psychoanalyticRead MoreDetermining The Data Collection Tools823 Words   |  4 Pagesbe used to collect the study data. The researcher examines the reason of the case study in depth using a selection of data gathering methods, to provide proof that leads to an understanding of the case, and answers the research questions. An important point of the case study method involves using multiple data collection; interviews, document reviews, collection of physical artifacts, and archival records. The data collection method the researcher will use in this study is document review. StepRead MoreMba 555 - Case Study Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pagesresolve conflict. Many of the topics covered in the chapter have a direct implication to the case study, Reputation in Jeopardy, and can be used to both analyze and provide insight into the possible future behavior of the characters in the study. The case can be broken down into three main questions: 1. What are the main conflicts between the characters? 2. How do the concepts of conflict relate to this case? 3. What course of action should the characters take to resolve their conflicts? The intentionRead MoreSports Leadership Of The 21st Century1105 Words   |  5 Pageslight to help young experts and sport administration understudies get to be pioneers in various regions of sports. Dockweiler, S. (2014, August 2). Https://www.themuse.com/advice/the-most-useful-personality- quiz-youll-take-this-week. Retrieved September 25, 2016, from http://time.com/3074037/personality-quiz/ This quiz by Dockweiler will not only help you to discover traits about yourself that you may have not noticed before, but its an actual eye opener and he has some great ideas that may be

Medicine Free Essays

Medicine is an important part of our lives, a fact true for those who experience serious health problems and those with relatively healthy backgrounds. In modern society, it accompanies us from the cradle to the grave, with all kinds of analyses, tests, vaccinations, preventive measures, and the like. The functioning of this huge and enormously complex and costly apparatus often makes individuals think that they are being handled by a well-oiled machine relying on rigorous scientific procedures. We will write a custom essay sample on Medicine or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yet the medical testing and evaluation procedures at this point still lack rigor, and patients are often trapped into wrong treatment by a doctor’s bad judgement. In general, there is less effectiveness and more mistakes in modern health care than one would expect, at least in developed nations with their high cost of services and health care often turned into a national priority. On my part, I first got a glimpse into the ineffectiveness and obscurity of modern medicine when my grandmother got cancer. It was not diagnosed till it was in the final stage, primarily because my Grandma was not the one to often see a doctor. However, when it became clear that she had it, and most physicians arrived at this conclusion based on how she felt, the greatest challenge proved to be the real diagnosis. Our problem was that nobody knew what type of cancer she had – obviously something in the stomach, but what exactly boggled the doctors. As a result, the 82-year-old woman with cancer in the final stage was forced to go from one medical examination to another, in a long string of visits to the hospital that consumed her last strength. The first tentative guess was that it was related to gynaecology, but the physician who tested her for this type of cancer found no pathology. As it turned out later, he made a gross mistake; however, it had not been discovered until she completed the full round of investigations that could find different varieties of cancer, and another gynaecologist assigned to see her immediately diagnosed her with ovary cancer. In this case, the fuzziness of procedures or blatant incompetence of a single doctor (we never found out what was the real cause) cost the old woman at least two weeks of continuous visits, instead of staying at home with her relatives to share with them the last moments of her long and fruitful life. When she got ill, my aunt and cousin moved to stay with us. Both being doctors, they often discussed their hypotheses about my grandmother’s illness, with their discussions impressing me with the vagueness and tentative approach to issues like the diagnosis. The whole process that had appeared to me as a coherent, authoritative investigation of the patient’s condition now looked as a haphazard analysis of disparate facts, driven more by intuition than by sound informed judgement. My reaction could have been aggravated by the fact that it was my relative who was being examined and I took a strong interest in her destiny, but in any case I began to take medical advice and evaluation with a grain of salt after that. While this story certainly presents the viewpoint of a layperson, tainted by emotional attitude, the same situation arouses concern of many qualified professionals. Dr. George D. Lundberg, the author of Severed Trust: Why American Medicine Hasn’t Been Fixed, also calls for toughening of medical standards in order to improve health care.   Lundberg calls for â€Å"national standards based on scientific knowledge and expertise† (McDonough, 2001). The establishment of such standards would permit improvements in the regulation of the sphere so vital for the well-being of doctors and patients. While Americans pay so much for medical care to the point where many poorer citizens cannot afford it, they do not always get the treatment they need and deserve. Dissatisfaction with the level of care provided is shared by many professionals who have seen flagrant cases of ignorance and sloppiness. Too often patients have to rely on judgements made on the basis of inadequate research and lack of information about the subject. Scheibner (2001) gives an example of the above describing how the exact causes of the Shaken Baby Syndrome appear doubtful; yet â€Å"a great number of parents and other carers are being accused of shaking their small babies and causing grievous bodily harm and death†. It is really frightful to think that people can be accused of causing harm to their children, a stigma that will stick to them for a lifetime while in reality they may be totally innocent. Dysfunctions that happen in children’s bodies are often an enigma to physicians who do not hesitate to put the blame on mothers and fathers, disregarding carers’ pleas that they have nothing to do with what happens to their children. Scheibner (2001) suggests that in fact such harm can be caused by â€Å"those who inject babies with great numbers of vaccines within short periods of time in the first months of life, often ignoring the observed serious reactions to the previous lots of vaccines†. Whatever is the case, it is clear that the causes of human illness for a great part remain obscure, and we are forced into guessing and never knowing what went wrong in this or that particular case. The worst part of this situation is that medical judgements can impact human lives, accusing carers of irresponsible behavior. The only hope is skilful physicians that are plenty around and the progress of science that will make the human body and internal processes less of a mystery. This paper does not attempt to vindicate professionals who selflessly devote their lives to caring for people in need and improving public health. Its only purpose is to attract attention to the still unsatisfactory state of affairs in medicine. Too often patients rely on the gut feeling of the doctor that can lead him or her to be blatantly wrong. In many cases, the process can be improved through thorough research and application of sound medical principles. Toughening medical standards can also be of help. With the general progress of science, it is to be hoped that medical care can also progress, allowing patients to receive more grounded diagnoses and prescriptions and minimising the risk of errors. Works Cited Hirsch, Joy. â€Å"Raising Consciousness.† Journal of Clinical Investigation 115 (2005):1102. McDonough, John E. â€Å"An Editor’s Diagnosis.† The American Prospect 12.7 (2001, April 23). Quality Interagency Coordination (QuIC) Task Force. Peer Review Protections. 7 July 2006 ;http://www.quic.gov/report/mederr6.htm;. Scheibner, Viera. â€Å"Shaken Baby Syndrome Diagnosis On Shaky Ground.† Journal of Australasian College of Nutritional ; Environmental Medicine 20.2 (August 2001): 5-8. Simon, Robert I. â€Å"Commentary: Medical Errors, Sentinel Events, and Malpractice.† Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 34.1(2006): 99-100. ; How to cite Medicine, Essay examples